Global Harmful Algal Blooms Threaten Marine Ecosystems

South Australia is experiencing a persistent harmful algal bloom caused by Karenia mikimotoi, which has killed over 200 marine species, caused illness among beachgoers, and threatens the region's fishing and tourism industries. The event follows a global pattern, with similar blooms in Ireland's Lough Neagh killing animals and compromising drinking water due to agricultural runoff, and concerns in India about toxic chemical spills from the MV Wan Hai 503 during fish breeding season. These blooms are driven by warming oceans and nutrient pollution from agriculture and human waste. Globally, the frequency and severity of harmful algal blooms are increasing, creating 'dead zones' and contributing to wildlife deaths such as mass elephant fatalities in Botswana's Okavango delta. Scientists and governments face challenges in mitigating these events. The crisis highlights the urgent need for coordinated environmental action to protect marine ecosystems and human health.