Hun Sen Leads Cambodia in Deadliest Thailand Border Clashes

The recent border conflict between Thailand and Cambodia, lasting five days and resulting in 43 deaths and over 300,000 displaced, ended with a ceasefire mediated by ASEAN and China despite ongoing tensions. The roots of the conflict are complex, involving historical territorial disputes, nationalism, domestic politics, and international interests including alleged cyber scam operations linked to Cambodia's government and its ally China. Former Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen, though officially retired and serving as Senate President, played a central role in directing Cambodia's military response, actively rallying support and maintaining a public image of command through social media and direct military involvement. Thai officials accused Hun Sen's government of orchestrating attacks on civilian areas, which were seen as attempts to ignite nationalistic fervor. The conflict also sparked political fallout in Thailand, including the dismissal of former Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra, amid diplomatic tensions tied to the crisis. While the ceasefire stands, the situation remains fragile, with Cambodia demanding the release of detained soldiers and both sides wary of further escalation.